India is one of the world's most biodiverse countries, home to a wide range of ecosystems, from the snow-capped Himalayas to the lush rainforests of the Western Ghats. However, India's biodiversity is facing a serious crisis, with many species at risk of extinction.
The problem:
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the biggest threats to biodiversity in India. Urbanization, infrastructure development, deforestation, and pollution are all contributing to the destruction of natural habitats. Climate change is also exacerbating the problem, causing shifts in species distribution and breeding patterns.
Statistics
India has lost 90 percent of the area under its four biodiversity hotspots.
Twenty-five species have also gone extinct in these hotspots.
Over 12 percent of India's animal species are endangered.
India witnessed deforestation of 6,68,400 hectares (ha) between 1990 to 2020.
Bengaluru has lost 88% of its vegetation cover and 79% of its water bodies between 1973 to 2017.
60% of India's wetlands have been lost since independence.
India has lost over 33% of its mangrove cover since 1980.
India is home to over 1,000 species of birds, of which over 100 are threatened or endangered.
Solutions
Assign monetary value to ecosystem services: This can help to raise awareness of the importance of biodiversity and its contributions to the economy.
Planned urban expansion: Urban expansion should be planned in a way that minimizes the impact on natural habitats.
Conserve wetlands: Wetlands play a vital role in biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation.
Increase public participation: Public awareness and education about biodiversity conservation are essential for long-term success.
Conclusion
India's biodiversity crisis demands immediate and comprehensive action. By addressing the threats to biodiversity and taking steps to conserve our natural heritage, we can ensure a sustainable future for all.
Call to action
What can you do to help conserve India's biodiversity? Here are a few ideas:
Support conservation organizations.
Make sustainable choices in your daily life, such as reducing your consumption of resources and avoiding products that contribute to habitat destruction.
Educate yourself and others about the importance of biodiversity.
Advocate for policies that protect biodiversity.
Together, we can make a difference.